Animation
This animation moves at 10 frames per second.
This animation moves at 2 frames per second. At this rate, the individual frames should be discernible.
Animation (plural: Animations) is the illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. In film and video production, this refers to techniques by which which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually. These frames may be generated by computers, or by photographing a drawn or painted image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed, there is an illusion of continuous movement due to the phenomenon known as persistence of vision. Generating such a film tends to be very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
Graphics file formats like GIF, MNG, SVG and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
History
For a more in-depth look at the history of animation, please see the Wikipedia articles "Animated cartoon" and "History of Animation".
The major use of animation has always been for entertainment. However, there is growing use of instructional animation and educational animation to support explanation and learning.
The "classic" form of animation, the "animated cartoon", as developed in the early 1900s and refined by Walt Disney and others, requires up to 24 distinct drawings for one second of animation. This technique is described in detail in the article Traditional animation.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized (some say exploited) by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television. It is also the basis of animation.
The animations shown before consist of these 6 frames. Famous names in animation
Famous names of the past
Famous names of the present day
Animation studios
Animation Studios, like Movie Studios may be production facilities, or financial entities. In some cases, especially in Anime they have things in common with artists studios where a Master or group of talented individuals oversee the work of lesser artists and crafts persons in realising their vision.
Animation studios of the past
Animation studios of the present era
Styles of animation
See also: Animated series, Anime (Japanese animation), List of movie genres
Techniques
Further Readings
- Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, Disney animation: The Illusion Of Life, Abbeville 1981
- Walters Faber, Helen Walters, Algrant (Ed.), Animation Unlimited: Innovative Short Films Since 1940, HarperCollins Publishers 2004
- Trish Ledoux, Doug Ranney, Fred Patten (Ed.), Complete Anime Guide: Japanese Animation Film Directory and Resource Guide, Tiger Mountain Press 1997
- The Animator's Survival Kit, Richard Williams
- Animation Script to Screen, Shamus Culhane
External links
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