1645 - All About All

1645

Events

• January 10 - Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud executed for treason on Tower Hill, London.
• January 14 - English Civil War: Fairfax appointed Commander-in-Chief.
• January 29 - English Civil War: Armistice talks opened at Uxbridge.
• February 2 - Covenanters defeated by Montrose at the Battle of Inverlochy
• February 15 - English Civil War: New Model Army is founded officially
• February 29 - English Civil War: Uxbridge armistice talks failed.
• March 4 - English Civil War: Prince Rupert left Oxford for Bristol.
• March 31 - Fearing the spread of the plague, Edinburgh Town Council bans all gatherings except weddings and funerals
• April 3 - Lords pass Self-Denying Ordinance.
• April 10 - Because of the plageu, Edinburgh town council orders that the college graduation ceremony should be brought forward so that students can leave the city (in November 19, teaching continues in Linlithgow)
• May 9 - Covenanters defeated by Montrose at the Battle of Auldearn.
• June 1 - English Civil War: Prince Rupert' army took sacked Leicester
• June 10 - English Civil War: Cromwell confirmed as Lieutenant-General of Cavalry.
• June 14 - English Civil War: Battle of Naseby - 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers
• June 28 - English Civil War - the Royalists lose Carlisle.
• July 2: Fight at Alford, Aberdeenshire.
• July 10 - English Civil War: Cromwell won the Battle of Langport, Somerset.
• July 23 - Alexei Mikhailovich, Tsar of Russia came to the throne.
• September 10 - English Civil War: Prince Rupert surrendered Bristol.
• September 13 - Covenanters defeated Montrose at the Battle of Philiphaugh, Selkirk.
• September 24 - English Civil War: Parliamentarians defeated Royalist cavalry at the Battle of Rowton Heath.
• October 8 - English Civil War: Final crushing of Basing house begun.
• October 8: Jeanne Mance founds the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, the first hospital in North America.
• October 11 - English Civil War The re-fortification of Bourne, Lincolnshire castle against threatened Royalist attack, was begun.

• Siege of Raglan Castle during the English Civil War
• The Long Parliament outlaws the 1559 version of the Book of Common Prayer
• Beginning of the Maunder Minimum, a time period when sunspots became exceedingly rare
• Founding of the Stolberg-Wernigerode branch of the family of counts of Stolberg and Wernigerode in Germany
• Wallpaper begins to replace tapestries as a wall decoration
• Mechanical calculating machine invented by Blaise Pascal.

Ongoing events

• English Civil War (1642-1649)

Births

• August 10 - Eusebio Kino, Italian Catholic missionary (d. 1711)
• August 16 - Jean de La Bruyère, French writer (d. 1696)
• September 21 - Louis Joliet, Canadian explorer (d. 1700)
• Captain William Kidd, Scottish pirate (d. 1701)

Deaths

• January 10 - William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1573)
• June 13 - Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese swordsman
• July 13 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
• July 17 - Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, Scottish politician
• July 22 - Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimentel, Count-Duke of Olivares, Spanish statesman (b. 1587)
• August 6 - Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex, English merchant (b. 1575)
• August 16 - Tobias Hume, English composer
• August 18 - Eudoxia Streshneva, Tsarina of Mikhail I of Russia (b. 1608)
• August 28 - Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (b. 1583)
• September 8 - Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (b. 1580)
• Li Zicheng, Chinese rebel (b. 1606)